This is Why Lobotomy is the Worst Surgery in History
In the annals of medical history, mental illness has been a terrifying mystery. Desperate for a cure, doctors ventured into the unknown - the human brain. Their solution was harsh and cruel… This is about a surgery called lobotomy, created in the late 19th century. It offered hope but often led to sadness. But at what cost? Was a lobotomy really an answer for a young woman like Rosemary Kennedy, sister of former president John F. Kennedy? Come with us as we explore the sad history of lobotomy, from its angry beginnings to its poisonous result. We will traverse the science, ethics, and actual human tales of this medical horror, and analyse why what one time was a celebrated medical procedure is now seen as the darkest chapter in medical history.► Subscribe For New Videos! ► https://goo.gl/UpeqAc
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Introduction
Lobotomy, also known as leucotomy, was a surgical procedure developed for psychiatric or neurological disorders. It involved severing the connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex, often using a sharp instrument inserted through the eye sockets or holes drilled into the skull. Initially hailed as a "miracle cure" for mental illness in some countries, lobotomy quickly gained popularity in the medical community.
Brief History
In the late 1880s, Swiss physician Gottlieb Burkhardt first noticed that removing parts of the brain cortex could calm patients. He operated on six patients, not aiming to cure them but to make them calmer. While one patient died and another later committed suicide (unclear if related to surgery), some patients did become easier to manage. Burkhardt was influenced by German physiologist Friedrich Goltz's experiments on dogs, where brain tissue removal altered behavior. However, surgical brain disruption in humans was rare for decades after Burkhardt. In 1935, American neuroscientists Carlyle F. Jacobsen and John Fulton showed that removing parts of the frontal lobe in chimpanzees could alter behavior, calming one and agitating another.
The same year, Portuguese neurophysician António Egas Moniz tried a similar approach on a human, drilling holes in the skull and injecting alcohol into the brain's frontal cortex to disrupt certain nerve pathways. The first surgery was performed in 1935 on a patient with severe agitation and hallucinations. It seemed successful, reducing severe paranoia and anxiety. Moniz quickly shared his findings through articles and a monograph in 1936, but initially, the medical community was skeptical of the new procedure. In July 1936, at a meeting in Paris, one of Moniz's assistants presented results on patients who had undergone the procedure, but some attendees criticized it. Sobral Cid, who provided the first set of patients, claimed they returned "diminished" and with a "degradation of personality." Another psychiatrist, Paul Courbon, questioned a surgical technique based more on theory than clinical evidence. Despite this, reports of successful surgeries led to the experimental adoption of the procedure in countries like Brazil, Cuba, Italy, Romania, and the United States. Receive SMS online on sms24.me
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