The Battle for the Arvand River | Episode 2
Before Saddam Hussein launched his war against Iran, he suffered a humiliation he never forgot.Episode 2 of The Battle for the Arvand River follows the rise of Saddam Hussein, the growing power of the Ba’ath Party in Iraq, and Iran’s transformation into the dominant military and political force in the Persian Gulf under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
As Britain withdraws from the Gulf, the Shah moves to position Iran as the region’s leading power. At the same time, Saddam and the Ba’athist regime in Baghdad turn toward the Soviet Union, rebuild Iraq’s military, and challenge Iran over control of the Arvand River / Shatt al-Arab.
Tensions reach a dramatic peak when Iraq demands that ships entering the waterway fly the Iraqi flag. Iran responds by sending the ship Ibn Sina through the river under the Iranian flag, protected by Iranian military forces, a defining moment in the struggle for control of the Gulf.
The episode also explores Iraq’s support for Iranian opposition figures, Iran’s backing of Kurdish forces under Mullah Mustafa Barzani, Saddam’s failed campaign against the Kurds, and the diplomatic showdown that leads to the 1975 Algiers Agreement.
For the Shah, the agreement is a major victory. For Saddam, it is a defeat he is forced to accept, but not forgive.
After the 1979 Islamic Revolution weakens Iran from within, Saddam sees his opportunity. The episode concludes with the collapse of the balance of power, Iraq’s invasion of Iran in 1980, and the beginning of one of the longest and most devastating wars of the modern Middle East.
Produced in Persian and dubbed into English using AI.
Watch the Original Persian Version
نسخه اصلی فارسی را اینجا تماشا کنید
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