Sudan’s Three Civil Wars Explained
🎥 Watch 300+ exclusive videos on Youtube► https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join or Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/kingsandgeneralsKings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Modern Affairs continues with a video on the Sudanese Civil Wars. Sudan has endured more war than peace since before it became independent. But why has every peace settlement eventually collapsed into another civil war? This video traces the full history of Sudan’s three civil wars, beginning with the colonial division between the north and south and the 1955 Torit Mutiny. It follows the rise of the Anya-Nya rebellion, Joseph Lagu, Israeli support, and the Addis Ababa Agreement that ended the First Sudanese Civil War but left its central grievances unresolved. We then examine the Second Sudanese Civil War, John Garang and the SPLA, Omar al-Bashir’s Islamist regime, the struggle over oil, southern infighting, the Bor massacre, and the Darfur genocide. The 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement ultimately led to South Sudan’s independence, but not to peace in Sudan. Finally, we explain how the Janjaweed became the Rapid Support Forces under Hemedti, how the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces turned on each other in 2023, and how foreign support prolonged the conflict. From Khartoum and Omdurman to El Fashir and Darfur, this is the story of how unresolved divisions, military rule, militia power, and failed peace deals pushed Sudan toward fragmentation and one of the world’s worst humanitarian catastrophes in modern history.
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Script: Turgut Gambar
Video: Max Kuzmitchev
Narration: Liam Taylor
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1K-_fEIcjmsn7vYGfGhhKsbpDydewXi13Eu85OqbfMGw/edit?usp=sharing
00:00:00 - Why Sudan Keeps Returning to War
00:01:45 - How Colonial Rule Divided Sudan
00:05:59 - The Mutiny That Started It All
00:19:50 - A Peace Deal Built to Fail
00:24:07 - Oil, the SPLA and the Second Civil War
00:38:43 - Darfur, Independence and the Rise of the RSF
00:42:26 - Army vs Militia: Sudan’s Third Civil War
00:49:20 - Khartoum Retaken, El Fashir Massacred
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