Endocarditis Types and Vegetations | Cardiology🫀
#endocarditis #vegetation #vegetationmanagement #cardiology #medicaleducation #drnajeebEndocarditis Types and Vegetations | Cardiology🫀
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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
00:00:00 Introduction
00:00:10 Vegetations on Mitral valve in Rheumatic Heart Disease. In RHD, immune-mediated damage to mitral valve. There are small, multiple vegetations formed along the line of closure. Sterile vegetations consists of fibrin and platelets. They don’t detach/embolize.
00:00:50 Comparison of Vegetations of Rheumatic Heart Disease with Infective Endocarditis. Infective Endocarditis lesions are very large, non-sterile, septic, consists of inflammatory cells and biological agents. They embolize and can lead to septic emboli.
00:01:30 Marantic Endocarditis; It is characterized by the presence of sterile vegetations in the heart valves, and is associated with hypercoagulability.
00:01:50 Examples of Marantic Endocarditis; Malignancies especially CA pancreas, CA colon, Burns, Promyelocytic AML.
00:02:22 Vegetations in Marantic Endocarditis. Sterile but can become septic during bacteremic phase. Loosely attached with valve. Can dislodge and produce thromboembolism.
00:02:42 Comparison of Vegetations of Rheumatic Heart Disease, Infective Endocarditis and Marantic Endocarditis.
00:04:00 Vegetations of SLE/ Libman-Sacks Vegetations. Due to immunologic process. Can be formed on any site of valve. Consists of fibrin and platelets. Sticks to the valve tightly. Underlying valve is abnormal. Hematoxylin bodies- diagnostic point.
00:05:05 Vegetations in Carcinoid Tumor- Carcinoid tumors secrete bioactive substances like serotonin, which reach the heart via the bloodstream. Serotonin promotes fibrogenesis, leading to the proliferation of fibroblasts and thickening of the endocardium and heart valves. This results in the formation of fibrous vegetations, primarily affecting the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, causing carcinoid heart disease.
00:07:38 Review of different types of endocarditis and their comparison.
00:08:40 End.
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves. Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or the surfaces of intracardiac devices. Endocarditis is characterized by lesions, known as vegetations, which are masses of platelets, fibrin, microcolonies of microorganisms, and scant inflammatory cells. In the subacute form of infective endocarditis, a vegetation may also include a center of granulomatous tissue, which may fibrose or calcify.
Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, malaise, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, splenomegaly, flu-like feeling, cardiac murmur, heart failure, petechia (red spots on the skin), Osler's nodes (subcutaneous nodules found on hands and feet), Janeway lesions (nodular lesions on palms and soles), and Roth's spots (retinal hemorrhages).
In medicine, a vegetation is an abnormal growth named for its similarity to natural vegetation. Vegetations are often associated with endocarditis. They can be made of fibrin and platelets.
Infective endocarditis causes growths (vegetations) on the valves, produces toxins and enzymes that kill and break down the tissue to cause holes in the valve, and spreads outside your heart and blood vessels. The resulting complications are: Embolism of material from the vegetation can get in the way of blood flow.
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