How Kazakhstan is Hedging Against a Russian Invasion
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Sources:
Radio Free Europe - https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-invasion-predictions-wrong-intelligence/32275740.html
The Kyiv Independent - https://kyivindependent.com/russia-ukraine-peace-talks-are-
Day Translations Blog - https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/guide/kazakhstan/2/#:~:text=Topography,7%2C010%20meters%20or%2022%2C999%20feet.
Sovereign Limits - https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/kazakhstan-russia-land
Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/kazakhstan-population/
Minority Rights Group - https://minorityrights.org/communities/russians-ukrainians-belarusians/
Minority Rights Group - https://minorityrights.org/communities/russians-and-russian-speakers-2/
UNEP - https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/china-outpacing-rest-world-natural-resource-use
Anderson Lock - https://www.andersonlock.com/blog/key-quotes-from-winston-churchill/
Qaz Inform - https://qazinform.com/news/kazakhstans-urban-population-on-the-rise-47a266
Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ukraine-population/
Radio Free Europe - https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-nato-weapons-production-us-germany/33482927.html
NBC News - https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7632057
China Global South - https://chinaglobalsouth.com/analysis/china-kazakhstan-bri-metals-mining-2025/
China Briefing - https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-kazakhstan-bilateral-trade-and-investment-profile/#:~:text=Between%202022%20and%202024%2C%20total,the%20remainder%20invested%20in%20energy.&text=A%20flagship%20initiative%20under%20this,development%20and%20transition%20toward%20sustainability.
Caspian Post - https://caspianpost.com/stories/central-asia-china-pipeline-hits-500-billion-cubic-meters-of-gas-delivery#:~:text=The%20522.5%20billion%20cubic%20meters,Hong%20Kong%20Special%20Administrative%20Region.
Universal Energy - https://www.universalenergy.com/en/news/899
Interfax - https://www.interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/107349/#:~:text=Home%20%3E%20Newsroom%20%3E%20Top%20Stories%20%3E,expected%20to%20be%20$150%20million.
SMM - https://news.metal.com/newscontent/102719551/chinas-zhicun-lithium-explores-lithium-opportunities-in-kazakhstan
World Bank - https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/471731593499938164/pdf/South-Caucasus-and-Central-Asia-The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Kazakhstan-Country-Case-Study.pdf
Qaz Inform - https://qazinform.com/news/decade-of-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-kazakhstans-role-794188
World Bank - https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2011/05/31/world-bank-managing-director-visited-south-west-roads-project-site
Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ukraine-population/
Interfax - https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/114337/
Chatham House - https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/02/russias-influence-kazakhstan-increasing-despite-war-ukraine
KCS Group - https://kcsgroup.com/kazakhstan-the-eurasian-trade-pivot/
The Diplomat - https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/look-at-ukraine-russian-commentator-threatens-kazakhstan/
World Population Review - https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/military-size-by-country
Reuters - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-hikes-national-defence-spending-by-23-2025-2024-09-30/
The Times of Central Asia - https://timesca.com/survey-reveals-what-kazakhstanis-think-about-the-army-and-defense/
Science & Technology News - https://www.technology.org/2025/04/02/russia-is-quickly-running-out-of-tanks/ Receive SMS online on sms24.me
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