Heart Engine - Reinventing the Atkinson Cycle Engine While Achieving a Variable Compression Ratio
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Patent: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170284286A1
In order to be successful, a novel engine design needs to be clever and a great way to embody cleverness is to use existing and proven technologies and then re-arrange them to achieve something that existing engines using the same technologies cannot.
That’s exactly what the Heart Combustion Engine does. It uses nothing other than a conventional piston, conventional crankshafts and conventional connecting rods and with these conventional parts it does some pretty amazing things.
Why is it called the heart combustion engine? I have absolutely no idea. It doesn’t look like a heart. There’s nothing in the inherent operation of the engine that looks like a heart to me, Maybe the designers of the engine have a big heart? I dont know, but the name isn’t what’s important. What’s important is what this engine can do! So let’s analyze it and let's start with the benefits!
The first benefit is that as you can see the length and duration of the strokes is not the same like in a conventional four stroke. In other words this engine is a true atkinson engine because it has a combustion stroke that is longer than the compression stroke. This improves efficiency because a longer combustion stroke gives the engine more time and space to harness all the energy of the combustion and turn it into useful work. Many modern engines are capable of running Atkinson by altering the valve timing; however, by doing so they are not actually increasing the length of the combustion stroke, the combustion stroke stays the same forever and is built into the anatomy of the engine. The only thing that valve timing can do is to shorten the length of the compression stroke by closing the intake valve later, which keeps the cylinder unsealed longer, effectively reducing the time the engine spends doing the compression stroke. This improves efficiency because the engine doesn’t have to spend as much energy on compressing the air fuel mixture. But this ultimately means that valve timing-induced Atkinson improves efficiency at the expense of power and responsiveness. But the complex anatomy of the heart engine actually increases the physical length of the combustion stroke. It doesn’t just reduce the time during which the engine expels energy, it also increases the time during which the engine harnesses energy. This means that it can be designed for improved efficiency without sacrificing power and responsiveness.
There are more benefits created by the funky anatomy of the heart engine and to see them we must observe the angle of the top rod, the one connected to the piston. As you can see the rod gets very sharply inclined during the intake stroke. As it does so it pulls the piston down faster and this increased piston speed leads to increased intake air velocity which then promotes better cylinder fillind and air and fuel mixing leading to improved combustion quality which positively impacts both power and efficiency. Now let’s observe the angle of the rod during combustion, as you can see the rod is nearly completely straight during almost the entire length fo the combustion stroke. This means that the rod is not trying to push the piston into the cylinder wall as it receives the might of the combustion force. This means less friction between the piston and cylinder wall which leads to improved power and efficiency and reduced cylinder wear.
What I think a more appropriate name for this engine is is The Atkinson Engine Revisited With Modern Technology or 2025 Atkinson to keep it short and sweet. Because this engine shares it’s core idea with the Atkinson. Here’s the original Atkinson. As you can see it too used a complex mutli- rod anatomy to achieve four strokes within 360 degrees of rotation and it has intake and compression strokes shorter than the combustion and exhaust strokes.
I do believe that this can be made reliable, but is it easy to make it reliably? It’s most certainly not. A recent, very illustrative example of how difficult it is to make novel engine anatomies reliable on a mass-produced scale is Nissan’s VC turbo engine. Nissan is a major OEM that invested insane amounts of money into developing and testing the variable compression ratio engine and ultimately they had to do a major recall of thousands of engines because of failed main bearings.
00:00 4 in 360
02:46 True Atkinson
05:37 Optimized Rod Angles
06:59 Not just a bunch of CAD
07:54 Variable Strokes
10:17 5 rods 2 cranks
14:06 Time for breathing
16:23 Scalability
17:05 Nissan VC turbo Example
18:20 Drones
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