DNA – 26 September 2025 | UPSC Daily News Analysis | Current Affairs for Civil Services Exam

Welcome to your Daily News Analysis – designed for aspirants preparing for UPSC, State PSCs, and other competitive exams. This session brings clarity to complex topics with an exam-focused approach.

📌 Topics Covered in This Session:

🔹 India’s Roadmap for Fusion Power
— Fusion: joining hydrogen isotopes to form heavier atoms, releasing huge energy (process that powers the Sun)
— Advantages: no long-lived radioactive waste, small fuel requirement, abundant deuterium and tritium
— Methods:
• Magnetic confinement using tokamaks (plasma trapped by magnets)
• Inertial confinement using powerful lasers
— ITER (France): largest global project with India as a member; goal of 500 MW output from 50 MW input by 2035
— India’s role: supplying cryostat, superconducting magnets, diagnostics
— SST-1 at IPR Gandhinagar: India’s own tokamak with superconducting magnets, steady-state plasma research

🔹 Ramlila Festivities
— Theatrical performance of Lord Rama’s story from the Ramayana
— Celebrated during Navratri, ending with Dussehra and burning of Ravana effigy
— Popular in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi (notably Ramnagar and Varanasi)
— Combines music, dance, dialogues, devotional songs; performed in open grounds with community participation
— Recognized by UNESCO (2008) as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
— Promotes values of truth, morality, courage, and strengthens social bonds

🔹 6.2-Magnitude Earthquake in Venezuela
— Earthquakes: sudden energy release in Earth’s crust producing seismic waves
— Key terms:
• Focus (hypocenter): origin inside Earth
• Epicenter: surface point above focus
• P, S, and L waves: primary, secondary, and surface waves
• Seismograph: instrument to record seismic activity
• Richter vs Mercalli scales: magnitude vs intensity
— Causes: tectonic movement, volcanic activity, collapse, human-induced (dams, mining, nuclear tests)
— India’s seismic zones: Zone V (highest risk – Kashmir, Northeast, Andamans), Zone IV (Delhi, N. Bihar, parts of Gujarat), others moderate to low

🔹 Death Penalty Debate in India
— Constitutional position: Article 21 (Right to Life, subject to due process), Article 72 (President’s pardon power), Article 161 (Governor’s power)
— IPC provisions: death penalty for murder, waging war, terrorism, certain rape cases
— Judicial framework:
• Bachan Singh (1980): upheld constitutionality, restricted to “rarest of rare”
• Machhi Singh (1983): laid down criteria (manner, motive, victim, impact on society)
— Process: trial court → high court confirmation → Supreme Court appeal → mercy petition
— For: deterrence, justice for victims, protection against hardened criminals
— Against: risk of wrongful execution, no proven deterrence, human rights concerns, global abolition trends

🧠 Each issue is explained with factual clarity for Prelims and analytical depth for Mains.

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