الجهبذ | كيف انتقم حافظ الأسد من طرابلس اللبنانية؟

لماذا حاصر حافظ الأسد مدينة طرابلس اللبنانية؟ وكيف تحوّل صراعه مع ياسر عرفات إلى معارك دامية دفع ثمنها سكان المدينة؟

في هذه الحلقة من “الجهبذ“، يعود بشر النجار إلى تاريخ طرابلس، من تراجع مكانتها الاقتصادية وصعود الحركات السياسية والمسلحة فيها، إلى تحوّلها خلال الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية إلى ساحة للصراع بين النظام السوري ومنظمة التحرير الفلسطينية.

نتتبع حصار طرابلس عام 1983، وخروج ياسر عرفات منها، وصعود حركة التوحيد الإسلامي وصراعاتها الداخلية، وصولاً إلى دخول القوات السورية المدينة عام 1985، ومجزرة باب التبانة في ديسمبر/ كانون الأول 1986، التي قُتل فيها المئات.
فكيف استخدم نظام حافظ الأسد حلفاءه المحليين لتوسيع نفوذه؟ وما الذي جعل طرابلس تدفع ثمن صراعات امتدت آثارها لعقود؟

مصادر #الجهبذ:
https://tripoli.gov.lb/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9

https://carnegieendowment.org/ar/middle-east/research/2014/04/the-roots-of-crisis-in-northern-lebanon

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009222808.003

https://bibli.crh.archi.fr/opac_css/index.php?id=8943&lvl=notice_display

https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/CF73FA2ED54AD56A85256F250054138C.pdf

https://prrn.mcgill.ca/research/papers/brynen2_09.htm

https://www.un.org/unispal/history2/origins-and-evolution-of-the-palestine-problem/part-iii-1978-1983-2/#:~:text=Events%20on%20the,moved%20to%20Tunisia

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/sanctuary-and-survival-the-plo-in-lebanon-by-rex-brynen-xiv-255-pages-westview-press-boulder-pinter-publishers-london1990/623CE3E1968D921EF650416F42ECDB07

https://prrn.mcgill.ca/prrn/papers/sanctuary/ch8.html

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/jihad-in-the-city/emergence-of-tawhid/3623F164345A7D6C22E53FAA5CEE97C6

https://nytimes.com/1983/11/13/weekinreview/with-tripoli-and-arafat-under-siege-peace-makers-step-up-efforts.html

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/jihad-in-the-city/downfall-of-tawhid/D463F40E45BE449A30D391D09146EFE1

https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/7174/Gade_2015_SS_Tripoli.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1

https://www.ajnet.me/politics/2024/12/30/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B2

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/op212_soviet_policy_towards_syria_ramet_1986.pdf

https://scispace.com/papers/sunni-islamists-in-tripoli-and-the-asad-regime-1966-2014-46mrqsylxp

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108564816.010

https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/research/2014/04/the-roots-of-crisis-in-northern-lebanon

https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/626/file/Lebanon-report-3-tabbaneh.pdf

https://merip.org/1983/11/the-mutiny-against-arafat

https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/meria/meria_200712/meria_200712_4_gambill.pdf

https://asasmedia.com/43741/

https://www.merip.org/2005/09/syria-and-lebanon-a-brotherhood-transformed/

https://www.socialsciences-centre.org/english/research/reports/resource/conflict-context-tripoli-chronic-neglect-increased-poverty-leadership-crisis

https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/lebanon_mdg_2013-2014.pdf

https://www.ajnet.me/ebusiness/2013/6/23/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF

https://www.ajnet.me/news/2012/12/24/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1

https://www.ajnet.me/news/2014/1/20/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A1-%D8%AD%D8%B0%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7-%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86

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