AI and National Security: Elizabeth Kelly on Risk, Innovation, and the Future of Work

Elizabeth Kelly, former director of the U.S. AI Safety Institute at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), shares an insider’s perspective on how the U.S. government is navigating the fast-evolving AI landscape. In this interview with the HBS Institute for Business in Global Society, Kelly details the Institute’s mission to collaborate across industry, academia, and public agencies to assess the dual-use nature of advanced AI systems. She discusses regulatory challenges, strategic deployment in industry, and the implications for the future of work.

Key takeaways:
– AI is now central to national security and economic policymaking, not just a tech sector concern.
– Models that can revolutionize healthcare or cybersecurity pose significant biosecurity and cyber threat risks.
– The U.S. AI Safety Institute operates like a startup inside government, bridging technical and policy expertise while remaining non-regulatory.
– Widespread AI adoption is happening, but often without strategic planning.
Initial AI deployment augments human labor, but displacement risks loom, particularly in knowledge-based roles.
– Existing laws are being updated, and global frameworks like the EU AI Act are gaining momentum.

Timestamps:
00:00 — Government wakes up to AI’s economy-wide impact
00:35 — Elizabeth Kelly: Background and mission at the AI Safety Institute
01:00 — A “startup within government” to assess AI capabilities and risks
01:40 — Dual-use dilemma: innovation vs. threat
02:50 — The Institute’s collaborative, non-regulatory posture
03:50 — Sector-wide adoption trends: finance, retail, manufacturing
04:50 — Flawed workplace deployments: the need for worker inclusion
06:10 — NIST’s AI Risk Management Framework and global standards
07:10 — The regulation landscape: existing laws and future legislation
07:50 — Augmentation vs. displacement: how AI is reshaping the labor market

For more insight on ethical AI implementation, visit: https://www.hbs.edu/bigs/ethical-ai

This interview was filmed at Harvard Business School following Kelly's research presentation to faculty. Receive SMS online on sms24.me

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