Ferrari Just Patented Pill-shaped Pistons and Siamese Connecting Rods
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Ferrari recently submitted a patent for a super interesting engine anatomy that is comprised of pill-shaped pistons and two connecting rods joined into one.
Let’s observe a traditional piston and cylinder. The displacement of this simple anatomy is defined by the bore and the stroke. Your bore is the diameter of the piston and your height is the stroke, the distance between piston top dead center and bottom dead center.
Let’s say that our bore is 50mm and our stroke is 50mm. In that case the displacement of our imaginary single-cylinder engine is defined by this formula and results in 98.17 cubic centimeters
Now let’s observe an engine with an Oval piston. Obviously we no longer have a simple cylinder defined by the diameter of the piston because the piston no longer has a diameter. Now Ferrari’s oval piston patent is definitely not the first attempt at oval pistons. Back in the late 70s Honda made Grand prix racing bikes with Oval piston engines in an attempt to compete against two stroke engines, which were not given an unfair displacement disadvantage back then. Honda’s oval piston love affair culminated in the NR aka NR750 production bike in 1992. Ok, if we go to the wikipedia page of the NR750 and go to bore and stroke we will learn that there are three numbers. Two for bore and one for stroke. This is because an oval piston has a major axis and a minor axis, effectively it has two diameters.
Now let’s assume that we have a pill-shaped piston and cylinder with a 30mm minor axis and a 70mm major axis and a stroke of 50mm. If we solve the displacement of the cuboid in the middle and the half-cylinders we will get a total displacement of 95.34cc, so almost the same displacement and thus the same potential performance as our round cylinder, but at only 60% of the total length. If we stack up our cylinders into a multi cylinder configuration we can see that the oval pistons result in a dramatically shorter engine.
But Ferrari didn’t stop here, they took this a step further by also creating a novel connecting rod arrangement.
Now a traditional V8 or V12 engine is going to have a shared crankpin arrangement so two conrod big ends on a single crankpin which means that we have one connecting rod in front of the other. Because each connecting rod corresponds to a cylinder center the result is that one cylinder bank will be slightly offset from the other which results in an overall slightly longer engine and also a slight imbalance the forces from the cylinders are slightly offset one from the other they create a little rocking couple on the engine.
Ferrari got rid of this fusing both connecting rods into one assembly. One rod is as usual while the other rod is an attachment with it’s own point of rotation. They look kinda like conjoined twins. The benefit is that both rods now share a single big end and bearing which results in a shorter and stronger crankshaft and overall shorter engine with no rocking couple.
So once we add the siamese rods to the pill-shaped pistons we get a v12 or v8 that is noticeably shorter than a traditional inline six or inline four, which is quite an achievement.
This engine anatomy would definitely be a major advantage for front-engined ferrari models where a shorter engine leads to noticeably better weight distribution and handling of the vehicle. The added bonus is that creates extre space for potential hybrid components.
Another benefit of an oval piston, which is something Honda made great use of, is the possibility to put a greater number of valves above it leading to potentially better breathing and better performance.
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