Syria - The rise and fall of the Assad regime | DW Documentary
On 8 December 8 2024, Syria's dictator Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia with his family. The film, which was shot before and after the fall of the regime, shows why the dictatorship collapsed so quickly and what hopes Syrians have today.Bashar al-Assad came to power in 2000, after the death of his father. Together with his western-influenced wife Asma, the couple seemed to embody a new beginning for the country. But reforms failed to materialize and when the population took to the streets during the Arab Spring, Bashar al-Assad quickly abandoned his progressive rhetoric. Peaceful demonstrations were met with bloody repression and poison gas attacks. Over 500,000 people were killed, more than 100,000 disappeared and at least six million Syrians were forced into exile.
Among them was the activist Bassam Ezzedine. In 2013, he documented the regime's poison gas attack on the Ghouta region. As a result, he had to flee with his family. His sister and her family remained in Syria and were cruelly punished. She was arrested and her children were taken away from her.
At the time of the first interview, Bassam, like the rest of the world, cannot know that the regime will soon fall and he will be able to return home. As the filming progresses, change comes at a fast pace.
The war waged by Bashar al-Assad against his own people has destroyed the country’s economic infrastructure. A few weeks before the fall of the regime, Syrian journalist Faysal risked his life to secretly film images of everyday life in Syria: starving children searching for food in the garbage, and endless queues outside bakeries. The country had been bled dry after 54 years of Assad rule. After months of preparation, the Syrian rebels launched a new offensive on 27 November 2024. Within 11 days, they ended the dictatorship - without encountering any serious resistance.
The new government promised an inclusive administration for all. But as Marie Forestier, Syria expert at the European Institute for Peace, explains: "The real challenge for the new president is to broaden his base. Because so far he has relied exclusively on loyalists from Idlib, who are very conservative." And even after the overwhelming victory, the new government does not control the entire territory: in the south, the Israeli army has extended its occupation to the Golan Heights, while in the north, the Turks are bombing Kurdish-controlled areas on a massive scale.
Syria is still unstable. However, the hopes and expectations of Syrians following more than 50 years of Assad rule are high.
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