DNA – 29 September 2025 | UPSC Daily News Analysis | Current Affairs for Civil Services Exam
Welcome to your Daily News Analysis – designed for aspirants preparing for UPSC, State PSCs, and other competitive exams. This session brings clarity to complex topics with an exam-focused approach.📌 Topics Covered in This Session:
🔹 Typhoon Ragasa
— Super Typhoon, strongest storm of the 2025 Pacific typhoon season
— International name: Ragasa; in the Philippines: Nando
— Origin: developed near Yap in Micronesia, later entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility
— Typhoon basics: same as hurricanes in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific
— Structure: eye (calm center), eyewall (most dangerous), rainbands (spiraling storms)
— Vulnerability of the Philippines: warm waters, Pacific Typhoon Belt, weak coastal infrastructure, mountainous terrain prone to landslides
— Impacts: strong winds, flooding, storm surges, agricultural and infrastructure damage
🔹 Polluted River Sites in India – CPCB Report 2023
— CPCB monitors water quality using Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
— 2023: 807 polluted river sites (slight drop from 815 in 2022)
— Polluted stretches: 296 in 271 rivers (down from 311 in 2022)
— Priority 1 sites (BOD above 30 mg/L, most polluted): reduced from 45 to 37
— States with most polluted stretches: Maharashtra (54), Madhya Pradesh (19), Bihar (18), Kerala (18), Karnataka (17), Uttar Pradesh (17)
— Relevance: pollution affects biodiversity, health, economy, and tourism; guides policies like Namami Gange
🔹 India at COP30 – Energy Efficiency Target
— COP30 to be held in Belém, Brazil, November 2025 under UNFCCC
— India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (2022):
• 45 percent reduction in emission intensity of GDP by 2030 compared to 2005 levels
• 50 percent of power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030
• Carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO₂ by 2030
— India may raise its energy efficiency target in updated NDCs
— Global context: EU, USA, Australia, China pushing ambitious targets
— India’s progress: 33 percent reduction achieved (2005–2019); carbon market expected by 2026
🔹 India’s Roadmap for Fusion Power
— Fusion: joining hydrogen isotopes to release massive energy, the process that powers the Sun
— Safer than fission: no long-lived radioactive waste, abundant fuel
— Methods:
• Magnetic confinement (tokamak reactors)
• Inertial confinement (laser compression)
— ITER Project in France: global collaboration, aims for 500 MW output from 50 MW input by 2035
— India’s role: contributing cryostat, superconducting magnets, diagnostics
— SST-1 in Gandhinagar: India’s indigenous tokamak with superconducting magnets, training ground for ITER, advancing plasma physics and material science
🧠 Each issue is explained with Prelims-ready facts and Mains-oriented insights for UPSC preparation.
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