Law changes
Late fetal development in the third trimester (weeks 28–40) is mainly about rapid growth, organ maturation, and preparation for life outside the womb.The brain undergoes rapid growth in size and complexity
Development of gyri and sulci (folds) increases surface area
Improved neural connections
Sleep–wake cycles become more regular
Eyes open and close; can respond to light
Hearing is well developed → responds to sounds and voices
Increased coordinated movements:
Kicking, stretching, grasping
Pain perception
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10072285/#:~:text=Conversely%2C%20the%20American%20College%20of,1%2C%202%2C%2011).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33048913/
Utilization of analgesia and anesthesia during fetal surgery began in the early 1980s,
US anesthesiology and fetal therapy consensus statement in 2021 recommends administration of fetal anesthesia in all invasive maternal-fetal procedures.
Lungs mature significantly
Increased production of surfactant (reduces alveolar collapse)
By ~34–36 weeks, lungs are usually capable of supporting breathing
Practice breathing movements occur (though no air is inhaled)
Heart is fully formed and functioning
Circulation is adapted to fetal life (e.g., ductus arteriosus still open)
Prepares for transition at birth when fetal shunts close
Rapid weight gain (most of it occurs now)
Fat deposition under the skin:
Helps with temperature regulation after birth
Skin becomes:
Less wrinkled
More opaque
Lanugo (fine hair) begins to disappear
Skin and Coverings
Nails grow to fingertips
Hair on the scalp becomes thicker
Swallowing amniotic fluid regularly
Meconium (first stool) accumulates in intestines
Liver stores glycogen for energy after birth
Transfer of maternal antibodies (IgG) increases:
Provides passive immunity after birth
Fetus often settles into a head-down (cephalic) position near term
Size by Term (around 40 weeks)
Weight: ~3–4 kg
Length: ~48–52 cm
Current UK law
Continuation of the 24-week time limit and the 10-week limit on telemedicine,
agreed by Parliament in 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic
New law
Remove the threat of police investigation, arrest, or prison for women ending their own pregnancy
New law applies regardless of gestational age
MPs back decriminalisation of abortion
https://www.bma.org.uk/news-and-opinion/mps-back-decriminalisation-of-abortion?utm_source=chatgpt.com
(Regardless of gestational age)?
BMA welcomes move it describes as ‘long overdue’ while maintaining issue is a healthcare matter (England Wales)
A vote in Parliament on 17 June (2025) saw lawmakers endorse the NC One (New Clause one) amendment to the Crime and Policing Bill,
which could see an end to the threat of criminal investigation and prosecution of women who choose to terminate their pregnancy.
MPs vote 379 to 137 in favour of the amendment
BMA medical ethics committee deputy chair
‘The passing of this amendment is a significant and long overdue step towards reforming antiquated abortion law in England and Wales….
‘Beyond this bill we will continue to push for wider reform of abortion law – including campaigning for the removal of criminal sanctions for medical professionals involved in abortions as part of their clinical practice….
The UK-wide decriminalisation of abortion has been BMA policy since 2017.
(46 minutes of backbench debate)
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2026/03/25/mps-urge-mahmood-block-decriminalising-late-abortions/
Lords move to decriminalise abortion up to birth
https://care.org.uk/news/2026/03/lords-move-to-decriminalise-abortion-up-to-birth
19th March 2026
Baroness Monckton tabled an amendment to the Bill in the Lords to remove the “radical proposal” which she said was passed in the Commons “without any evidence, scrutiny, public consultation or impact assessment”.
She argued that decriminalisation actually puts women in danger “by removing the current legal deterrent against administering an abortion away from a clinical setting right up to birth”.
Peers rejected the amendment, however, in a vote of 185 to 148.
MPs urge Mahmood to block decriminalising of late abortions
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2026/03/25/mps-urge-mahmood-block-decriminalising-late-abortions/
70 + MPs and Peers
Home and health Secretaries
“hit pause” on the plans
Signatories to the letter, 7 Labour MPs (404)
All eight Reform UK MPs
Baroness Hollins, the former head of the British Medical Association.
Kemi Badenoch, the Tory leader, have warned that the proposals lack “meaningful limits and safeguards” Receive SMS online on sms24.me
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