كيف جاء نابليون؟ | الدحيح
تتتبّع هذه الحلقة تصاعد الثورة الفرنسية لحظةً بلحظة. بين مدن تنتفض وقرى تتمرّد، وأفكار تُرفع فوق السيوف، تمضي الثورة في طريقها بلا كوابح: تجرّب الفضيلة بالإرهاب، والعقل بالتقويم الجديد، وتعيد تعريف الإنسان والمجتمع بالقانون والنار. ثم يظهر نابليون، ضابط شاب لم يأتِ ليُنقذ الثورة، بل ليحكم باسمها. فأطفأ شعاراتها، واحتفظ بجوهرها، وصعد من بين أنقاضها ليصنع إمبراطورية لا تُشبه ما قبلها… ولا ما بعدها. لكن السؤال ظلّ معلقًا: هل انتصرت الثورة فعلًا، أم أعادت إنتاج ما كانت تحاول الهروب منه؟ #الدحيحالمصادر:
https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/the-haitian-revolution/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I
مقال "What Led to France’s Reign of Terror?" في بريتانيكا:
https://www.britannica.com/story/what-led-to-frances-reign-of-terror
مقال "Fall of Maximilien Robespierre" (Michael R. Lynn) في موقع World History Encyclopedia:
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2119/fall-of-maximilien-robespierre/
صفحة "Tennis Court Oath" في Alpha History:
https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/tennis-court-oath/
مقال Africa Is a Country عن تاريخ الاستعمار الفرنسي:
https://africasacountry.com/2015/11/the-parisattacks-and-frances-long-history-of-colonialism
مقابلة مع بروفسور راف بلوفارب في FSU حول نابليون (أكتوبر 2023):
https://news.fsu.edu/news/expert-pitches/2023/10/12/a-political-animal-fsu-history-professor-discusses-reign-and-impact-of-napoleon-bonaparte/
William Doyle، كتاب The Oxford History of the French Revolution،
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/9780198804932
Lynn Hunt & Jack Censer، كتاب Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution:
https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-02087-3.html
Georges Lefebvre، The French Revolution،
https://www.routledge.com/The-French-Revolution-From-its-Origins-to-1793/Lefebvre/p/book/9780415253932
François Furet، Interpreting the French Revolution:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/interpreting-the-french-revolution/579C772316D112FB0A22546C62BA9352
Jeremy D. Popkin، A Short History of the French Revolution:
https://www.routledge.com/A-Short-History-of-the-French-Revolution/Popkin/p/book/9780205881748
Philip Dwyer، Napoleon: From Revolutionary General to Emperor:
https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/napoleon-9781473674587/
Michael Broers، Napoleon: The Spirit of the Age 1805-1810:
https://www.faber.co.uk/product/9780571273441-napoleon-the-spirit-of-the-age-1805-1810/
Mike Rapport، 1848: Year of Revolution:
https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/mike-rapport/1848/9781541617186/
Eric Hobsbawm، The Age of Revolution 1789-1848:
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/271612/the-age-of-revolution-1789-1848-by-eric-hobsbawm/
Colin Samson، The Colonialism of Human Rights:
https://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9781509534995
Susan Buck-Morss، Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History:
https://upittpress.org/books/9780822959670/
خطاب روبسبيير "حول مبادئ الأخلاق السياسية" (5 فبراير 1794):
https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1794robespierre.asp
إعلان نابليون للشعب الفرنسي عند تتويجه (2 ديسمبر 1804):
https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1804napoleon.asp
إعلان حقوق الإنسان والمواطن (1789) –:
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/rightsof.asp
موسوعة بريتانيكا – "Cultural transformation: The Enlightenment":
https://www.britannica.com/place/France/Cultural-transformation-The-Enlightenment
مقال "France – Napoleon and the Revolution" في بريتانيكا:
https://www.britannica.com/place/France/Napoleon-and-the-Revolution
مدخل "Reign of Terror" في بريتانيكا:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror
مقال "The Reign of Terror" (Michael R. Lynn) في World History Encyclopedia:
https://www.worldhistoryencyclopedia.com/article/2026/the-reign-of-terror/ Receive SMS online on sms24.me
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