Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down: Inside the US and Chinese Innovation Systems with Chenjian Li
The fundamental differences between the Chinese and US systems, and the innovation landscape between the two nations.Chenjian Li joins host Elizabeth Economy to highlight China's rapid progress in biotech and pharmaceutical development, predicting the country may produce its first truly innovative drug within five years. While the U.S. excels at "zero-to-one" grassroots innovation stemming from decades of basic research, China has traditionally focused on "one-to-100" government-supported scaling and is now increasingly investing in breakthrough innovation. The conversation concludes with Dr. Li's recommendations for U.S. competitiveness: continuing robust basic science funding, maintaining large-scale translational research programs, and preserving America's traditional openness to global talent, which he argues brings not just technical expertise but also scientific thinking and open inquiry to societies worldwide.
ABOUT THE PODCAST
China Considered with Elizabeth Economy is a Hoover Institution podcast series that features in-depth conversations with leading political figures, scholars, and activists from around the world. The series explores the ideas, events, and forces shaping China’s future and its global relationships, offering high-level expertise, clear-eyed analysis, and valuable insights to demystify China’s evolving dynamics and what they may mean for ordinary citizens and key decision makers across societies, governments, and the private sector.
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The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Hoover Institution or Stanford University.
© 2025 by the Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University.
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