Early Muslim Expansion Explained in 8 Hours - From Yarmouk to Tours

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Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion continues. This video follows the explosive rise of the early Caliphate from the exhausted Roman-Sassanid world of Heraclius and Khosrow II to the great Umayyad frontier wars in North Africa, Iberia, and Gaul. It begins with Muhammad’s preaching in Mecca, the unification of Arabia, Abu Bakr’s Ridda Wars, and Khalid ibn al-Walid’s lightning campaigns in Iraq, where battles such as the Chains, the River, Walaja, Ullais, and Firaz shattered Sassanid defenses. From there, the story shifts to Syria, where Ajnadayn, the siege of Damascus, and the decisive Battle of Yarmouk broke Byzantine power in the Levant, while Umar’s commanders pressed on to Jerusalem, Caesarea, and Egypt. The conquest of Egypt under Amr ibn al-As, the victories at al-Qadisiyyah and Nahavand, and the fall of Ctesiphon completed the destruction of Sassanid imperial strength and opened the road to a new Middle Eastern order. But conquest did not end conflict. The video also covers Uthman’s reign, the North African push toward Sufetula and Carthage, the First Fitna under Ali, Aisha, and Muawiya, the Battle of the Camel, Siffin, Karbala, and the political recovery of the Umayyads under Abd al-Malik and al-Hajjaj. Finally, it follows Hassan ibn al-Nu'man, Musa ibn Nusayr, and Tariq ibn Ziyad through the Maghreb and into Visigothic Iberia, before ending with Toulouse, Charles Martel, Tours, and the western limit of Umayyad expansion.

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Slavery in the Caliphate: https://youtu.be/5kDPPmZvSKY
Muslim Schism: https://youtu.be/-85dXjgMiSU
Christian Schism: https://youtu.be/a6rWf0k8d78
First Crusade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkyYjpYLORI&list=PLaBYW76inbX6RqjG027zLO_svn3Fdv7Qa
Third Crusade: https://youtu.be/jCyCSgsFXKQ
Fourth Crusade: https://youtu.be/IpHbbq0O7Wo

Narration: Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
Animation: Arif Azaman (https://www.youtube.com/user/MathemedicUpdates)
Script: Ethan Symons-Ferraro, Matt Hollis
Illustrations: Nargiz Isayeva

Machinimas by Arif Azaman using on Total War: Attilla engine, using Anno Domini 768 mod: https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2695905425

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00:00:00 - Rome, Persia and Arabia Before Islam
00:05:00 - Muhammad, Mecca and the Rise of Islam
00:10:38 - Abu Bakr and the Ridda Wars
00:12:49 - Khalid ibn al-Walid Invades Iraq
00:14:40 - Battle of the Chains
00:18:53 - Battle of the River and the Road to al-Hirah
00:24:45 - Walaja, Ullais and the Fall of al-Hirah
00:32:31 - Anbar, Ayn al-Tamr, Muzayyah and Zumail
00:38:13 - Firaz and the Last Roman-Sassanid Stand
00:42:41 - Camel Logistics, Ajnadayn and Heraclius Responds
00:47:38 - Damascus, Fahl and the Road to Yarmouk
01:06:19 - Battle of the Bridge and Persian Recovery
01:19:59 - Yarmouk and the Collapse of Roman Syria
01:36:01 - Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas Marches on Iraq
02:07:29 - Al-Qadisiyyah and the Fall of Ctesiphon
02:26:28 - Jerusalem Opens to Umar
02:49:45 - Amr ibn al-As and the Conquest of Egypt
03:14:44 - Nubia, Nahavand and the End of Sassanid Persia
03:31:24 - Uthman, Naval Expansion and Sufetula
04:27:16 - Ali, Aisha and the Battle of the Camel
04:42:46 - Siffin, Arbitration and the Kharijites
05:10:22 - Karbala and the Death of Husayn
05:25:39 - Abd al-Malik, al-Hajjaj and Umayyad Recovery
05:45:18 - Carthage, Dihya and the Conquest of the Maghreb
06:03:33 - Transoxiana, Sindh and the Eastern Frontier
06:08:21 - Tariq ibn Ziyad Lands in Iberia
06:31:05 - Guadalete, Cordoba and Toledo
06:47:16 - Constantinople and the Limits of Expansion
06:58:39 - Umar II, Hisham and Abbasid Rumblings
07:18:26 - Charles Martel, Toulouse, Tours and Narbonne

Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com

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