History of Mithraism: Christianity’s Main Rival
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Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of religions and Christianity continues with an episode on Mithraism - Christianity's main rival for the hearts of the Romans. This episode unpacks Mithraism—the cult of Mithras that flourished from the 1st to 4th centuries CE alongside Judaism, Christianity, Gnosticism, and Rome’s traditional gods. We trace debated origins (Persian “Mithra,” Kommagene syncretism, Cilician pirates), the explosive spread across legions and cities, and why mithraea—from Syria to Germania—became hubs for tightly knit, male initiates. Through archaeology and iconography we decode the Tauroctony (bull-slaying scene), astral symbolism, and seven grades of initiation (Corax to Pater). We also examine the Mithras Liturgy, the Greek Magical Papyri, and the cult’s ties to imperial ideology (yes, even Commodus). Finally, we explore Mithraism’s competition with Christianity, its decline in Late Antiquity, and its enduring legacy in art, scholarship, and pop culture. If you’re into ancient religions, Roman soldiers, esoteric rites, and sky-lore, this is your deep dive.
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Early Muslim Expansion - Egypt and Iran: https://youtu.be/baHT2nR5Wr4
Muslim Schism: https://youtu.be/-85dXjgMiSU
Third Crusade: https://youtu.be/jCyCSgsFXKQ
Fourth Crusade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Vp_IENiSnA&list=PLaBYW76inbX4ZjR4rodOOSc-zL1orP4hW
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Hashashins: https://youtu.be/vG8qmlKdRjs
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Animation and illustration: Evelin Acosta
Script: Christos Nicolaou
Narration: Liam Taylor
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UXoKY05fHCkbLJ3JAJoxam7deTIB128ezhsCXOlffIo/edit?usp=sharing
00:00 - Rome’s Religious Tapestry & the Mithras Tease
02:18 - Mystery Religions & Who Is Mithras?
06:06 - Origins & Spread Across the Roman World
09:42 - Beliefs, Cosmology & the Tauroctony
13:37 - Ranks, Rituals & Life inside the Mithraea
17:32 - Clash with Christianity, Decline & Legacy
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